˹éÒËÅÑ¡ arrow ÊÒÃйèÒÃÙéÍÂØ¸ÂÒÈÖ¡ÉÒ arrow ã¤Ãáµè§Âǹ¾èÒ ? ¾ÃÐÃÒªÒ¤³ÐÁÕÊÁ³ÈÑ¡´Ôì “àº­­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” áµè§µÍ¹áá
 
ÊÒÃйèÒÃÙé
ÊÒÃйèÒÃÙéÍÂØ¸ÂÒÈÖ¡ÉÒ
»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃìÍÂØ¸ÂÒ
ÈÔÅ»ÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁ »ÃÐླÕ
ÀÙÁԻѭ­Ò·éͧ¶Ôè¹ÍÂØ¸ÂÒ
ÍÂØ¸ÂҡѺ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ
ÊÒÃйèÒÃÙé:ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃйàÃÈÇÃ
ÊÒÃйèÒÃÙé»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃì
ÊÒÃйèÒÃÙéÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁ »ÃÐླÕ
Last comments
No comment...
 
   
 
ã¤Ãáµè§Âǹ¾èÒ ? ¾ÃÐÃÒªÒ¤³ÐÁÕÊÁ³ÈÑ¡´Ôì “àº­­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” áµè§µÍ¹áá
ã¤Ãáµè§Âǹ¾èÒ ? ¾ÃÐÃÒªÒ¤³ÐÁÕÊÁ³ÈÑ¡´Ôì “àº­­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” áµè§µÍ¹áá
ºØ­àµ×͹ ÈÃÕÇþ¨¹ì

           ÅÔÅÔµÂǹ¾èÒ ÁÕª×èÍàÃÕ¡à»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§Í×è¹ÍÕ¡ÇèÒ “â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒ” ËÃ×Í “Â;ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԾÃÐà¨éÒªéÒ§à¼×Í¡ ¡Ãاà¡èÒ” àÃ×èͧ¹Õé¹Ñºä´éÇèÒà»ç¹ÇÃó¤´ÕÊӤѭàÃ×èͧ˹Öè§«Öè§Ê¶ÒºÑ¹ÍØ´ÁÈÖ¡ÉÒËÅÒÂáËè§ãªéà»ç¹áººàÃÕ¹ã¹ÃÒÂÇÔªÒ “ÇÃó¤´Õ»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃì” à¹×éÍËҢͧ “Âǹ¾èÒ” ãËéÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´à¡ÕèÂǡѺà˵ءÒóìµèÒ§æ ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÅÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶ä´éà»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§´Õ â´Â੾ÒÐàÃ×èͧ¡ÒÃʧ¤ÃÒÁ·ÕèàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ª×è¹ ÊÁà´ç¨Ï ¡ÃÁ¾ÃÐÂÒ´ÓçÃÒªÒ¹ØÀÒ¾ ·Ã§ÁÕ¾ÃÐÇÔ¹Ô¨©ÑÂà¡ÕèÂǡѺÊÁÑ·Õèáµè§áÅмÙéáµè§äÇé㹤ӹӤÃÒÇ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒþÔÁ¾ì˹ѧÊ×ÍàÃ×èͧ¹Õéà»ç¹¤ÃÑé§áá àÁ×èͻվط¸ÈÑ¡ÃÒª òôöõ ÇèÒ

           “˹ѧÊ×ÍÂǹ¾èÒ¹ÕéáµèàÁ×èÍÈÑ¡ÃÒªà·èÒã´ áÅÐã¤Ãà»ç¹¼Ùéáµè§ËÒ·ÃÒºäÁè Êѧࡵ´Ùâ´Â·Ò§Êӹǹ´Ùà»ç¹Êӹǹà¡èÒÁÒ¡ ·Ñ駤ÇÒÁÃÙéã¹àÃ×èͧ¾§ÈÒÇ´Òà áÅÐ˹ѧÊ×;§ÈÒÇ´ÒÃàªÕ§ãËÁè à¾ÃÒЩйÑé¹¹èÒ·Õè¨Ðáµè§ã¹àÇÅÒã¡Åé æ ¡Ñºà˵ءÒóì·Õè¡ÅèÒǶ֧ ¨Ö§ÂѧÊÒÁÒöÃÙéàÃ×èͧä´é¶éǹ¶Õè Êѹ¹ÔɰҹÇèÒ ¨Ðáµè§ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÅÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐÃÒÁÒ¸Ôº´Õ·Õè ò «Öè§à»ç¹¾ÃÐÃÒªâÍÃʢͧÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶ àÊÇÂÃÒªÂìµÑé§áµè ¾.È.òðóô ¨¹ ¾.È. òð÷ò áµèÊѧࡵâ´Â·Ò§ÊӹǹÃÙéä´éá¹èÂèҧ˹Öè§ÇèÒ ¼Ùéáµè§ÅÔÅÔµÂǹ¾èÒ¹Õéà»ç¹¼ÙéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéàªÕèÂǪҭ·Ñé§ÀÒÉÒ áººá¼¹ ¢¹º¸ÃÃÁà¹ÕÂÁ ÃÒª¡Òä§à»ç¹¡ÇÕ¤¹ÊӤѭã¹ÊÁÑÂàÁ×èÍáµè§Ë¹Ñ§Ê×ÍàÃ×èͧ¹Õé”

           ¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁ㹤ӹӷÕè¡ÁÒ¹Õé ÊÁà´ç¨Ï ¡ÃÁ¾ÃÐÂÒ´ÓçÃÒªÒ¹ØÀÒ¾ ·Ã§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ÇèÒ “Âǹ¾èÒ” ¹èÒ¨Ðáµè§ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÅÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐÃÒÁÒ¸Ôº´Õ·Õè ò

           ËÒ¡¾Ô¨ÒóÒà¹×éÍËÒ·Ñé§ËÁ´ã¹â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒÂáÅéÇ ¨Ð¾ºÇèÒàÃ×èͧ¹Õéáºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ ò µÍ¹¤×Í

           µÍ¹áá µÑé§áµèâ¤Å§º··Õè ñ ¶Ö§â¤Å§º··Õè öð à»ç¹¡ÒÃÊÃÃàÊÃÔ­¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԤس¢Í§ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶ã¹ÅѡɳТͧ¡ÇÕâÇËÒà àªè¹ ¾ÃËÁ¾ÔȳغÃàÁÈà¨éÒ ¨ÍÁàÁÃØ ÁÒÈáÎ ÂàÁÈÁÒÃØ´Íà ÍÒȹÁéÒ ¾Ãس¤¹Ô¡Øà¾¹·ÃÒ ÊÙÃàʾ àÃ×èͧÃÇÕÇèéÒ á¨èÁ¨Ñ¹·Ã Ï

           ¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹à»ç¹¡ÒùÓËÅÑ¡¸ÃÃÁ·Ò§¾Ø·¸ÈÒʹҵÑé§áµèËÁÇ´ ñ ¶Ö§ ËÁÇ´ ñð ÁÒ¡ÅèÒÇà»ÃÕºà·Õº (â¤Å§º··Õè ñò ¶Ö§º··Õè óñ) µÑé§áµèâ¤Å§º··Õè óò ¶Ö§º··Õè õõ à»ç¹¡ÒþÃó¹Òà»ÃÕºà·Õºã¹ÅѡɳТͧ¡ÇÕâÇËÒÃ

           µÍ¹ËÅѧ µÑé§áµèâ¤Å§º··Õè öñ à»ç¹µé¹ä» ¡ÅèÒǶ֧¾ÃÐÃÒª»ÃÐÇѵÔáÅÐà˵ءÒóìÊӤѭ æ ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÅ â´ÂµÑé§áµèº··Õè øó仨¹¨ºàÃ×èͧ ¡ÅèÒǶ֧à˵ءÒóìʧ¤ÃÒÁ·ÕèàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ª×è¹â´ÂÅÐàÍÕ´¾ÃÐÃÒª»ÃÐÇѵÔáÅÐà˵ءÒóìÊӤѭ·Õè¡ÅèÒǶ֧ã¹â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒ àªè¹

           ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÔ´Ò (¤×ÍÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁÃÒªÒ¸ÔÃÒª·Õè ò ËÃ×Í à¨éÒÊÒÁ¾ÃÐÂÒ) àÊ´ç¨ÊÇÃäµ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶ä´éàÊÇÂÃÒªÊÁºÑµÔ á¶Å§»Ò§¹Ä¹Òöä·é ÊÇÃäµ §§ÁÔè§àÁ×ͧº¹ºÕ àÂÈàÂéÒ á¶Å§»Ò§»Ôè¹àÍÒÃÊ ÈÅÅÂâÈ¡ Â;ÃÐȾ¾ÃÐà¨éÒ à¨É®Ò Ï

           ¤ÇÒÁµÍ¹¹Õéã¹¾ÃÐÃÒª¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒÃ¡ÃØ§ÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ©ºÑºËÅǧ»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°ÍÑ¡ÉùԵÔì ÇèÒ “ÈÑ¡ÃÒª øñð ÁÐâçȡ (¾.È. ñùùñ) ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁÃÒªÒ¸ÔÃÒªà¨éҹľҹ¨Ö§ÃÒª¡ØÁÒ÷ҹ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐÃÒàÁÈÇÃà¨éÒ àÊÇÂÃÒÊÁºÑµÔ ·Ã§¾ÃйÒÁÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶”

           à˵ءÒóìàÁ×;ÃÐà¨éÒµÔâÅ¡ÃÒªàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ãËÁè ¡ÁÒµÕàÁ×ͧ¡Óᾧྪà áÅÐàÁ×Í§ÊØâ¢·Ñ ¾ÃÐÂÒàªÅÕ§ (ÂØ¸ÔɰÔÃÐ) à»ç¹¡º® ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶áµè§¡Í§·Ñ¾ä»µÕàÍÒàÁ×Í§ÊØâ¢·Ñ¤׹ á¶Å§»Ò§¨ÍÁâÅ¡Âà¨éÒ ¨ÍÁàÅ×ͧ àÅÔÈ¹Ò àÊ´¨¤Íº¤×¹¾Åä¡Ã áµè§äÇé á¡Å§»Ò§áµè§ËÑÇàÁ×ͧ ¢Ø¹ËÁ×è¹ ä»¹Ò àÍÒÊØâ¢·ÑÂä´é §èÒ§ÒÁ Ï

           ¾ÃÐÃÒª¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒéºÑºËÅǧ»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°Ï ¡ÅèÒǶ֧à˵ءÒÃ³ì µÍ¹¹ÕéÇèÒ “ÈÑ¡ÃÒª øòô (¾.È.òððõ) àÁ×ͧ¹¤Ãä·Â¾ÒàÍÒ¤ÃÑÇ;¾˹Õ仹èÒ¹ áÅãËé¾ÃСÅÒâËÁ仵ÒÁä´é¤×¹ÁÒáÅéÇ ¾ÃСÅÒâËÁ¡¾Åä»àÍÒàÁ×Í§ÊØâ¢·Ñ ä´éàÁ×ͧ¤×¹´Ø¨à¡èÒ”

           â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒ áÅоÃÐÃÒª¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒÃ¡ÃØ§ÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ©ºÑºËÅǧ»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°ÍÑ¡ÉùԵÔì ¡ÅèÒǶ֧à˵ءÒóìÊӤѭ æ ËÅÒÂÍÂèÒ§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹ÊÁÑÂÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶µÃ§¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ¡ÒÃàʴ稢Öé¹àÁ×ͧ¾ÔɳØâÅ¡ ¡ÒÃʶһ¹Ò¾ÃÐÇÔËÒÃÇÑ´¨ØÌÒÁ³Õ áÅСÒ֍¼¹Çª »Ò§ÊÃéÒ§ÍÒÇÒÈáÅéÇ ÆÒáÊ´§ ¤×;طä¸ÊÇÃÃÂËÁÒ ª×èͪÕé »Ò§¶¡Å¡Óá¾§¾ÃÐ ¾ÔȳØâš áÅéÇáÎ ÍÂÙèªèÒ§¾ÃÐà¨éÒ¿Õé à¿×èͧºÃ Ï

           “¾Ø·ä¸ÊÇÃÔ ã¹·Õè¹Õé ¹èÒ¨ÐËÁÒ¶֧ÇÑ´¨ØÌÒÁ³Õ·ÕèàÁ×ͧ¾ÔɳØâÅ¡ ¾ÃÐÃÒª¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒéºÑºËÅǧ»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°ÍÑ¡ÉùԵÔì ¡ÅèÒǶ֧à˵ءÒóìµÍ¹¹ÕéµÃ§¡Ñ¹ÇèÒ “ÈÑ¡ÃÒª øòö (¾.È.òðð÷) ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡à¨éÒ ÊÃéÒ§¾ÃÐÇÔËÒÃÇÑ´¨ØÌÒÁ³Õ”

           “ÈÑ¡ÃÒª øò÷ ÃСÒÈ¡ (¾.È. òððø) ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡à¨éҷç¾Ãм¹Çª ³ ÇÑ´¨ØÌÒÁ³Õä´é ø à´×͹ áÅéÇÅÒ¾Ãм¹Çª”

           ¢éÍÁÙÅà¡ÕèÂǡѺ»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃìã¹â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒÂÊÔé¹ÊشŧàÁ×èÍ¡ÅèÒǶ֧ʧ¤ÃÒÁàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ª×è¹ä´éÊÓàÃç¨ ¹Ñ¡»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃìŧ¤ÇÒÁàËç¹µéͧ¡Ñ¹ÇèÒàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ª×è¹ ¤×Í àÁ×ͧàªÅÕ§ËÃ×ÍÈÃÕÊѪ¹ÒÅÑ ¾ÃÐÃÒª¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒéºÑºËÅǧ»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°Ï ÃкØà¾Õ§ÇèÒ “ÈÑ¡ÃÒª øóö ÁÐàÁÕÂÈ¡ (¾.È. òðñ÷) àÊ´ç¨ä»µÕàÍÒàÁ×ͧàªÅÕ§”

           ͹Öè§ ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÅÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶ ÁÕà˵ءÒóìÊӤѭÍÂèҧ˹Öè§·Õè¾ÃÐÃÒª¾§ÈÒÇ´Òà ·Ø¡©ºÑº¡ÅèÒǶ֧¤×Í “¡ÒþÃÐÃÒª¹Ô¾¹¸ìàÃ×èͧÁËÒªÒµÔ¤ÓËÅǧ” µÑÇÍÂèÒ§¨Ò¡¾ÃÐÃÒª¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒéºÑºËÅǧ»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°Ï ä´éá¡è “ÈÑ¡ÃÒª øôô ¢ÒÅÈ¡ (¾.È. òðòõ) ·èÒ¹ãËéàÅ蹡ÒÃÁËÃʾ ñõ Çѹ ©Åͧ¾ÃÐÈÃÕÃѵ¹- ÁËÒ¸ÒµØ áÅéǨ֧¾ÃÐÃÒª¹Ô¾¹¸ìÁËÒªÒµÔ¤ÓËÅǧ¨ººÃÔºÙóì”

           à»ç¹·Õè¹èÒÊѧࡵÇèÒ â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒÂÁÔä´é¡ÅèÒǶ֧¡ÒþÃÐÃÒª¹Ô¾¹¸ìÁËÒªÒµÔ¤ÓËÅǧáµè»ÃСÒÃã´ ·Ñé§·ÕèÍÒ¨¡ÅèÒÇä´éÇèÒà»ç¹à˵ءÒóìÊӤѭÂÔè§ÍÂèҧ˹Öè§ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÅÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶ «Öè§¶éÒâ¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒ áµè§¢Öé¹ËÅÑ¡¨Ò¡»Õ¾Ø·¸ÈÑ¡ÃÒª òðòõ ¤§µéͧ¡ÅèÒǶ֧à˵ءÒóì¹ÕéÍÂèÒ§á¹è¹Í¹

           ¨Ò¡ÊÁÁµÔ°Ò¹´Ñ§¡ÅèÒǨ֧ÍҨ͹ØÁÒ¹ä´éÇèÒâ¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒµéͧáµè§¢Öé¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§»Õ¾Ø·¸ÈÑ¡ÃÒª òðñ÷ ¶Ö§ òðòõ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃʧ¤ÃÒÁ·ÕèàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ª×è¹áÅСè͹¡ÒþÃÐÃÒª¹Ô¾¹¸ìÁËÒªÒµÔ¤ÓËÅǧ ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÃÊÁà´ç¨ÃкÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶

           ´Ñ§ä´é¡ÅèÒÇÁÒáÅéÇÇèÒ à¹×éÍËÒã¹Âǹ¾èÒ¹Ñé¹áºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ ò µÍ¹ ¤ÇÒÁ㹵͹ááà»ç¹¡ÒÃÊÃÃàÊÃÔ­¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԤس·ÑèÇæ ä» ÁÔä´é ¡ÅèÒǶ֧¾ÃÐÃÒª»ÃÐÇÑµÔ à¹×éÍËҵ͹áá¹Õ騺ŧã¹â¤Å§º··Õè öð ¤×Í ¢Í¢éÒáÃÁâäÃé͹ ÍÂèÒÁÕ Ë¹Öè§àÅ ¢Í¢éÒÃÊÒ¾Ԧ¹ ¹ÒÈÁéÇ ¢ÍÊíÊÔè§ÈÃÕÊí ÈØ¢ÊÒ¸Ø àÊÇÂáÎ áçÃèÓÂÈä·é´éÇ Ë×èÃËÃÃÉì Ï

           â¤Å§º·¹Õéà»ç¹¡Òâ;ÃÊÔè§ÈÑ¡´ÔìÊÔ·¸ÔìãË館éÁ¤Ãͧ¼Ùé»Ãоѹ¸ìÍѹà»ç¹¢¹º¹ÔÂÁ·Õè¡ÇÕä·ÂÁÑ¡ãªéàÁ×èͨºàÃ×èͧ â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒº·¡è͹˹éÒ·Õè ÍÕ¡ ô º· ¤×Í º··Õè õö ¶Ö§º··Õè õù ÁÕà¹×éÍËÒÍÂÙèã¹ÅѡɳзÕèºè§ªÕéÇèÒ “¨ºàÃ×èͧáÅéÇ” ãªèáç¢éÒÃÙé¡ÅèÒÇ ¡Åº· ºÍ¡¾èÍ ÍÑŻອâ­àÂÒÇ ÂÔè§¼Ùé ¨Ñ¡áÊ´§¾ÃÐÂÈÄÒ ¶Ö§¶èÇ äÊéáÎ ¹Ñ¡»ÃÒª­ã´àÃ×éͧÃÙé àªÕèÂǪҭ Ï ã´¼Ô´àªÔ­ªèÇÂÃ×éÍ Ã͹àÊÕ 㴪ͺªÒ­àªÍ­à¡ÅÒ ¡ÅèÒÇà¢éÒ à¾Õ§¾ÃÐþÕྦྷÕ ʺÊÒ¸Ø ¨Øè§¾ÃÐÂȾÃÐà¨éÒàÃ×éͧ ÃèÍ¡ÑÅ» Ï ÊÒÃÊÂÒÁÀÒ¤¾Ãéͧ ¡Å¡Ò¹·ì ¹ÕéÄÒ ¤×ͤÙèÁÒÅÒÊÇÃä ªèͪéÍ ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅáÊ´§ à´ÍÁà¡ÕÂÃµÔ ¾ÃÐÄÒ ¤×ͤÙèäËÁáÊÃé§ÃéÍ ¡Öè§¡ÅÒ§ Ï à»¹ÊÃéÍÂâÊÀÔȾѹ ÍØ»ÃÁÒ âÊÃÁÊÃǧÈÔøÔÃÒ§¤ àÇÕèÂäÇé ¨§¤§¤Ùè¡ÑÅÂÒ Â׹⤠ËÒÂá¼è¹´Ô¹¿éÒäËÁé ÍÂèÒËÒ Ï

           ¡ÒôÓà¹Ô¹¤ÇÒÁã¹ÅѡɳТͧº··Õè õ𠨹¶Ö§º··Õè öð ¹Õé ¶×Íà»ç¹¢¹º¹ÔÂÁ㹡ÒèºàÃ×èͧ «Öè§»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹ÇÃó¤´ÕÊÁÑÂÍÂØ¸ÂÒáÅÐÊÁÑÂÃѵ¹â¡ÊÔ¹·ÃìµÍ¹µé¹ áµè¨ÐäÁè¢Í¹ÓµÑÇÍÂèÒ§¨Ò¡àÃ×èͧÍ×è¹ÁÒ¡ÅèÒÇã¹·Õè¹Õé â¤Å§º··Õè õö ¹Ñé¹ ò ºÒ·áá ¡ÅèÒÇáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¹Íº¹éÍÁ¶èÁµ¹ÇèÒ “¼Ùé»Ãоѹ¸ìÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÙé¹éÍ áÅÐ “ÍÑŻອâ­àÂÒÇ ÂÔè§¼Ùé” ÍѹËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒ Áջѭ­Ò¹é͹Դ ËÃ×ÍÍѺ»Ñ­­Ò¡ÇèÒ¼ÙéÍ×è¹áµèã¹â¤Å§º··Õè õø ºÒ··Õè ó ¡ÅѺ¡ÅèÒÇÇèÒ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅáÊ´§ à´ÍÁà¡ÕÂÃµÔ ¾ÃÐÄÒ” ËÒ¡á»Å¤ÇÒÁµÃ§¹ÕéÇèÒ “¼Ùé»Ãоѹ¸ìáÊ´§¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõÔÂȢͧ¾ÃÐͧ¤ì´éÇ»ѭ­ÒÍѹÁÒ¡ÁËÒÈÒÅ” Íѹà»ç¹ÅѡɳТͧ¡ÒÃâÍèÍÇ´µ¹àͧ ¤ÇÒÁ¡ç¨Ð¢Ñ´¡Ñºâ¤Å§º··Õè õö ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ¹èÒ¨ÐËÁÒ¶֧ºØ¤¤Å·ÕèÁÕµÓá˹è§ä´éÃÒª·Ô¹¹ÒÁºÃôÒÈÑ¡´Ôì áÅШҡâ¤Å§ã¹º··Õè õø ¹Õè¹èÒ¨Ðà»ç¹ËÅÑ¡°Ò¹ÊӤѭ·ÕèáÊ´§ÇèÒ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ¤×͹ÒÁ¢Í§¡ÇÕ·Õèáµè§â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒµ͹áá ·Óà¹ÕºÊÁ³ÈÑ¡´Ôì ÁÕµÓá˹觾ÃÐʧ¦ìÃÒªÒ¤³ÐÍÂÙèµÓá˹è§Ë¹Ö觤×Í “¾Ãлѭ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ËÃ×Í “¾Ãлѭ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅà¶ÃД à»ç¹¾ÃÐÃÒª¤³Ð½èÒÂÇÔ»ÑÊʹҸØÃÐ ËÒ¡¾Ô¨ÒóÒà¹×éÍËÒâ¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒªèǧµé¹¨ÐàËç¹ÇèÒ ÁÕ¤ÓÈѾ·ì¢Ñé¹ÊÙ§·Õèà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¢é͸ÃÃÁµèÒ§æ ã¹·Ò§¾Ø·¸ÈÒʹÒá·Ã¡ÍÂÙèà»ç¹¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ ÍÒ¨à»ç¹ä»ä´éÇèÒ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ·ÕèÃкØã¹â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒ ¤×Í “»Ñ­­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ¾ÃÐÃÒªÒ¤³ÐÃٻ˹Öè§ã¹ÃѪ¡ÒÅÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ ºÃÁäµÃâÅ¡¹Ò¶ à»ç¹¼Ùéáµè§â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒªèǧµé¹ ͹Öè§ ÊÁÑÂÍÂØ¸ÂÒ¹ÔÂÁá¼Å§ “»” à»ç¹ “º” ´Ñ§»ÃÒ¡¯µÑÇÍÂèҧ㹡®Á³à±ÕÂúÒÅ àªè¹ “»ÅÑ´” ãªéÇèÒ “ºËÅÑ´” “»ÐÃÓ” ãªéÇèÒ “ºÃÒÁ” »Ñ­¨” ãªéÇèÒ “ອ¨” ´Ñ§¹Ñ鹨֧äÁèá»Å¡·Õè “»Ñ­­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ¨ÐãªéÇèÒ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” «Öè§ÁÕµÑÇÍÂèÒ§¡ÒÃãªé¤Óã¹Åѡɳдѧ¡ÅèÒÇ»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹Âǹ¾èÒÂËÅÒÂ¤Ó à¾×èÍãËé¢éÍÊѹ¹Ô°Ò¹»ÃÐà´ç¹´Ñ§¡ÅèÒǪѴਹÂÔè§¢Öé¹ ¨Ö§¢Í¡â¤Å§º··Õè õø ÁÒ»ÃСͺ¡ÒõդÇÒÁÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§Ë¹Öè§ ´Ñ§¹Õé ÊÒÃÊÂÒÁÀÒ¤¾Ãéͧ ¡Å¡Ò¹·ì ¹ÕéÄÒ ¤×ͤÙèÁÒÅÒÊÇÃä ªèͪéÍ ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅáÊ´§ à´ÍÁà¡ÕÂÃµÔ ¾ÃÐÄÒ ¤×ͤÙèäËÁáÊÃé§ÃéÍ ¡Öè§¡ÅÒ§ Ï “¢éͤÇÒÁÊÂÒÁÀÒ¤·ÕèàÃÕ§ÃéͶéͤÓà»ç¹¡ÇÕ¹Ô¾¹¸ì¹Õéà»ÃÕº´Ñ§´Í¡äÁéÊÇÃäì ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ ¹ÓÁÒáÊ´§¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõÔÂȢͧ¾ÃÐͧ¤ìã¹àº×éͧµé¹ à»ÃÕºàËÁ×͹àÊé¹äËÁ·ÕèµÑé§ã¨ÃéÍ´͡äÁé¹Ñé¹” “à´ÍÁ” á»ÅÇèÒ µé¹ “áÊ´§à´ÍÁà¡ÕÂõԔ ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒ ¹Ó¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõÔÂȢͧ¾ÃÐͧ¤ìÁÒáÊ´§äÇé㹵͹µé¹ ¡Ò÷Õè “àº­­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ (¢éÒ¾à¨éÒ)” ¹Ó¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõÔÂȢͧ¾ÃÐͧ¤ìÁÒáÊ´§ã¹µÍ¹µé¹à»ÃÕºàÊÁ×͹¡ÒÃÃéÍ´͡äÁé (¤×ÍÊÒÃÊÂÒÁ) ãËéà»ç¹¾Ç§ÁÒÅÑ (¤×Í¡ÒÃÃéÍ¡Ãͧ) Êèǹ¤ÇÒÁã¹â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒµ͹µèͨҡ¹Õéä» àÃÔèÁ¤ÇÒÁã¹â¤Å§º··Õè öñ ÇèÒ áµè¹Õé¨Ð¨Ñ¡µÑé§ÍÒ·Ô ¡Å¡Ò¹·ì áÅ¹Ò à»¹ÊÙµÃʶҹÕ͹¹ úÃéÍ á¶Å§»Ò§»Ôè¹ÀÙºÒÅ ºÔ´ØÃÒª §§ÍâʸäÅéÍ ¤ÅÕè¾Å Ï áµè¹Õé¨Ñ¡µÑé§ÍÒ·Ô “¡Å¡Ò¹·ì áŹҔ «Öè§µÕ¤ÇÒÁäÊéÇèÒ “µèÍ仹Õé¨ÐµÑé§µé¹ (ÍÒ·Ô) ¤Ó»Ãоѹ¸ì” ¡Ò÷Õè ¼Ùéáµè§ãªé¤ÓÇèÒ “µÑé§ÍÒ·Ô” ËÃ×Í “µÑ駵鹔 ¨Ö§¹èÒ¨ÐáÊ´§ÇèÒ¼Ùéáµèà¹×éͤÇÒÁµÑé§áµèº··Õè öñ à»ç¹µé¹ä» ÁÔãªè¤¹à´ÕÂǡѺ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” áÅШҡ¡ÒúÃÃÂÒÂÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´µèÒ§ æ ã¹Ê§¤ÃÒÁÁÕ¢éͤÇÒÁËÅÒÂáËè§ÊèÍÇèÒ ¼Ùéáµè§ÃèÇÁÍÂÙèã¹Ê§¤ÃÒǤÃÑé§¹Ñé¹´éÇ àªè¹ ¤ÓÇèÒ “àÃÒ” àÁ×èÍ¡ÅèÒǶ֧à˵ءÒóìàÁ×è͵ÕàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ª×è¹ä´éáÅéÇ àËç¹àÃÒ·Ø¡áËè§ËéÍÁ ¤Ô´µÒÁ âËÁ»Ãй§§àÁ×ͧâ¨Á ¨ÇºÃéÒ§ à§Ô¹·Í§áÅàËÅ×ÍËÅÒÁ ·Ø¡ËÁÙè ¹Ò§ÁÔè§àÁ×ͧÁéÒªéÒ§ ¶è§§¶ÇÒÂ Ï ËÒ¡â¤Å§Âǹ¾èÒÂÁÕ¡ÇÕ¼Ùéáµè§Á¡¡ÇèÒ ñ ¤¹ áÅмÙéáµè§ªèǧáá¤×Í “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” «Öè§à»ç¹¾ÃÐÀÔ¡ÉØ µÒÁ¢éÍÊѹ¹Ôɰҹ¹Õé ¡ÇÕ¹ÔùÒÁ¼Ùéáµè§µèÍ㹪èǧËÅѧ ÍÒ¨à»ç¹ÈÔÉÂ줹㴤¹Ë¹Ö觢ͧ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ·ÕèÃèÇÁä»ã¹¡Í§·Ñ¾¤ÃÒǵÕàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ª×è¹ áÅÐËÒ¡à»ç¹´Ñ§ÇèÒ “ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅ” ¤§à»ç¹¼ÙéµÃǨ á¡éä¢â¤Å§ã¹ªèǧËÅѧ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ÊӹǹÀÒÉÒã¹ “Âǹ¾èÒ” ¨Ö§ÊÁèÓàÊÁÍ¡ÅÁ¡Å×¹¡Ñ¹µÅÍ´àÃ×èͧ


Who compose Yuan Pai ? The clerical title has the priest’s rank as “Benyapisarn” first composition
Bonntein Sriworapot

           Lilit Yuan pai had another name “Klong Yuan Pai” or “Yor Phra Kiat Phra chao Chang Phuek, Krungkao”. These literatures become the textbook used for teaching in many universities which was the subject of “history literature”. The content of “Yuan Pai” gives detail about each event in the reign of Phra Borommatrilokkanart very well, especially the war at Chaing Chuen City. Phraya Dumrong Rajanuphab synthesized about the period of composer and composer in the part of introduction of first printing book on 2465 B.C as following.

           “Nobody know when was Yuan Pai written and who composed it? However, it has quite ancient language in term of knowledge about annals and Chaing Mai annals. Therefore, it may be written in the period close to the mentioned event because it quite had more detail. However, it was be assumed that it was composed in the period of king Ramathibodi II who was the son of King Borommatrilookanart and reigned during 2034-2072 B.C. If considered from its language, we can certainly know that the writer of Lilit Yuan Pai was a person who expert in language and servant tradition and he must be the important poet in that period”.

           According to introduction above, Phraya Dumrong Rajanuphab thought that “Yuan Pai” might be written in the period of King Ramathibodi II.

           if considered all story of Yuan Pai poem, it can be found that this story was divided into 2 parts which were:

           First, 1-60 chapters has praised the prestige of King Borommatrilokkanart in form of eloquence poem such as Prom Pitsanu Boramet Chao, Jommeru, Mathea, Yametmaruton, Artsanama, Pirunkanikupetra, Soonsep, Ruenrawee worachao jamjan.

           Then, dharma principle from chapter 1- 1o was compared (chapter 12-31) and from chapter 32-55 was the comparable describe in form of eloquence poem.

           The last part, from chapter 61 onward, this mentioned about the biography and important event in the reign and from chapter 81 to the end mentioned about the war at Chaing Chuen city and biography and important event was mentioned in Klong Yuan Pai, for example,

           After father (king Ramathibodi II or Phra Chao Samphraya) died, Phra Borommatrilokkanart has been in the throne.

For this statement in Ayutthaya annals of Lung Prasert Aksornnithi said that “in 1991, the king died and Somdej Phra Ramesuan has reigned in the throne and named The King Borommatrilokkanart”

           When Phra Chao Thilokkarat of Chaing Mai has attacked Kumpheangpetch and Sukhothai, Phraya Chalieng (Yuthitthira) was the rebel. Therefore, The King Borommatrilokkanart sent his army to siege Sukhothai in return.

           Ayutthaya annals of Lung Prasert Aksornnithi said about the statement “ in 2005, Nakornthai emigrated their family to Nan and Phra Kalahom has been commanded to siege Sukhothai in return”.

           Klong Yuan Pai and Ayutthaya annals of Lung Prasert Aksornnithi talked about many important events occurred in the period of king Borommatrilokkanart such as going to Phitsanulok, Phra Wihan Wat Vhulamanee establishment and his ordination.

           “Phutthaisawan” means Wat Chulamanee in Phitsanulok province. Ayutthaya annals of Lung Prasert Aksornnithi mentioned about the same situation “in 2007, the king Borommatrilokkanart established Phra Wihan Wat Chulamanee”.

           “In 2008, the king Borommatrilokkanart has been ordained for 8 months at Wat Chulamanee.”

           information related to history in Klong Yuan Pai ended when talked about the war at Chaing Chuen city, historists agreed that Chaing chuen city was Chalieng or Srisatchanalai because Ayutthaya annals of Lung Prasert Aksornnithi said that “in 2017 B.C., his majesty attack to seize Chalieng city.”

           in the reign of Phra Borommatrilokkanart, there was one situation that was mentioned in all annals, “writing the story of Maha Chart Kumluang”. For example, Ayutthaya annals of Lung Prasert Aksornnithi said about this that “ In 2025, there was 15 days of entertainment for celebrate for Wat Phra Sri Rattana Mahachart and the end of Mahachart kumluang.”

           it is noticeable that Klong Yuan Pai did not mention about Mahachart kumluang although it is one of important events in the reign of king Borommatrilokkanart. However, if Klong Yuan Pai was written after 2025 B.C., this event must certainly be mentioned.”

           According to the assumption, Klong Yuan Pai must be written during the year 2017-2025 after the war in Chaing Chuen and before writing Mahachart kumluang in the period of Phra Borommatrilokkanart.

           We can see say that the content of Yuan Pai was divided into 2 parts. Firstly, it praised general prestige, not refer to biography. The first part ended at chapter 60 which is “decease must keep away from me any other good things come to me.”

           This poem is blessing from secred things to protect the composer. This is a tradition that Thai poet always use in the end of the poem. Klong Yuan Pai chapter 56-59 has the content telling it is “the end” such as “This poetry is going to end. If there is anything wrong, please help to rewrite and the poet apologized for such errors. If there is something attractive, please tell another person to know in order to inherit this forever.

           Telling the story as in chapter 50-60, it is traditional for ending the story. This appeared in literature in the period of Ayutthaya and the beginning of Rattanakosin but we do not give an example to you for this. In chapter 56 in first two rows, it showed modest that “the poetry has not much knowledge and “Appabenyoyaowa” which means having less knowledge or had less knowledge than other people. However, in chapter 58, it said that “ Benya Pisarn Sadeang Dermkait Phraru”. This means “the poetry showed his prestige with much knowledge”. This showed the boast which is contrast with chapter 56. Therefore, “benyapisarn” “Benyapisarn” possibly refer to person who has title conferred by the king. That is the name of poetry that composes Klong Yuan Pai. Firstly, it is compared equally to clerical title which is the position of “Phra panya pisarn” or “Phra panya pisarn thera” who is the clerical tile of meditation. If considered the content of Klong Yuan Pai above, we can see that there are many advanced lexicons related to Buddhism in the poem. It is possible that “Benjapisarn” mentioned in Klong Yuan Pai is “Panya Pisarn” who is a clerical title in the period of King Bormmatrilokkanart who composed the beginning part of Klong Yuan Pai. In the period of Ayutthaya, it was usually changed “P” to be “B” as appeared in the palace law such as “Plad” to “Ba-lad”, “Pa-rum” to “bram” and “Panja” to “benja”. Therefore, it is not surprised that “Panyapisarn” will be “benyapisarn”, which there were many example words in Klong Yuan Pai to use for support this issue more clearly. Therefore, we will give some example from chapter 48 as follow. “ÊÒÃÊÂÒÁÀÒ¤¾Ãéͧ ¡Å¡Ò¹·ì ¹ÕéÄÒ ¤×ͤÙèÁÒÅÒÊÇÃä ªèͪéÍ ອ­Ò¾ÔÈÒÅáÊ´§ à´ÍÁà¡ÕÂÃµÔ ¾ÃÐÄÒ ¤×ͤÙèäËÁáÊÃé§ÃéÍ ¡Öè§¡ÅÒ§ Ï” means “the statement was compiled to be poet which was compared as the flower on the heaven, benyapisarn used it for praise the prestige of the king as if the silk which used for twine”. “Derm” means the tree “praise the prestige”. This means bringing the title of the king to show in the beginning. That “benyapisarn (I)” brought the prestige of the king to shoe in the beginning is like twine with the flower (Sarn Siam) to be the garland (composing). In Klong Yuan Pai onward, started with chapter 61 that “áµè¹Õé¨Ð¨Ñ¡µÑé§ÍÒ·Ô ¡Å¡Ò¹·ì áÅ¹Ò à»¹ÊÙµÃʶҹÕ͹¹ úÃéÍ á¶Å§»Ò§»Ôè¹ÀÙºÒÅ ºÔ´ØÃÒª §§ÍâʸäÅéÍ ¤ÅÕè¾Å Ï”. In this poet, “konkarn leana” means “now, we will start the verse”. That the composer used the word “tang ar thi” or “tang ton” might means the composer of this poetry chapter 61 onward was not the same person with “benyapisarn” and in the war description, there were many statement showing that the composer was in that war period such as the word “we”, when talked about attacking Chaing Chuen city, “àËç¹àÃÒ·Ø¡áËè§ËéÍÁ ¤Ô´µÒÁ âËÁ»Ãй§§àÁ×ͧâ¨Á ¨ÇºÃéÒ§ à§Ô¹·Í§áÅàËÅ×ÍËÅÒÁ ·Ø¡ËÁÙè ¹Ò§ÁÔè§àÁ×ͧÁéÒªéÒ§ ¶è§§¶ÇÒ Ï.” if Klong Yuan Pai had the author more than one persons and the composer of the first part was “benyapaisarn” who was the monk according to this assumption. The poetry of the second paragraph might be the disciple of “benyapisarn” who participated in the army to attack Chaing chuen and if it would be so, “benyapisarn” might be the checker or edited all last part of this poet. Wording in the last part in “Yuan Pai” was similar in all stories.