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^1 ÃǺÃÇÁ¢éÍÁÙÅáÅйÓàʹÍâ´Â ʶҺѹÍÂØ¸ÂÒÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÃÒªÀѯ¾Ãй¤ÃÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒ
Religion relationship between Thailand and Sri Lungka^1
Thailand and Srilungka has long religion relationship for more than 700 years since the period of Sukhothai. We can see that Theravade Buddhism has Thai name “Lungkawong”. In the same time, there was another Theravade Buddhism which was the official religion of Srilunka named “Siamwong” or “Siamnikai”. It can be said that the religion relationship between these two countries had two sides which were “received” and “give” as following detail.
Lungkawong in Thailand
Buddism in Thailand has been inherited from Srilunka in the period of Sukhothai. In 1696 B.C., Phra Chao Prakornpahu the Great, the king of Lungka, has supported Buddhism flourishing in both learning and practice. Lungka in that period has become the center of Buddhism. The monks from many countries come to study the principle of Buddhism and ordained in Lungka and then went back to propagate Buddhism their country. For example, the monk named Rahun from Lungka was invited to Siam to stay in the Buddhist monastery and publicized the Lungka Buddhism at Nakornsithummarat since 17th century. This was acceptable by Thai people rapidly.
In 1820 B.C., Por Khunramkumheang, the king of Sukhothai has invited Phra Mahatherasungkarat from Nakornsithummarat to stay in Buddhist monetary at Wat Hiranyik, Sukhothai. This made the progress of Theravade Buddhism to the present day. in 1904 B.C, Phraya Rithai, the 5th king of Sukhothai invited Phra Mahasamesungkarat from Lungka to stay in Buddhist monetary in Sukhothai. In this age, the monk was divided into 2 parts which were Kamwasri and Arunwasri.
Siam sect in Srilunka
in the end of Ayutthaya period, the king Borommakot and the monks in Srilunka was in decline because the attack from Tamil (India) and European (Portuguese). In that period, the Lungka region had only nuns led by the nun Soranangkorn. Those nuns could not be ordained to the monk because there was no the preceptor and the rank monk. The king of Lungka in that period named Phra Kiratisiratchasinha sent the diplomat to Ayutthaya to request for Buddhist monk to restore the monkhood in Srilunka in the end of 2293 B.C.
In 2295 B.C., the first diplomat from Ayutthaya led by Phra Ubari, Phra Ariyamuni and Phra Nama have gone to Srilungka by the ship of Holland which took time for 5 months and 4 days to reach there. When arrived at Lungka, they stayed in Wat Buppharam in the city of Siriwatthanaburi which is currently Wat Munwatta located at Candy city. They have ordained to the nun Soranangkorn and his group including the good son of Srilungka more than 700 people to be the monks with in the period of 3 years in Srilungka. Further, they improved the monkhood in Srilungka successfully as well. This led to the establishment of the biggest ordained Buddhist monk and mostly influenced in Srilungka in the present.
In 2298 B.C., The king Borommakot has sent the second group of diplomat to Srilungka to exchange the duty with the first group. When the second group led by Phra Wisutthajarn and Phra Worayannamuni, arrived at the port of Tarinkomali of Srilungka. They knew that Phra Ubaree already died with the inflame ears in Wat Buppharam. The second group of diplomat stays in Buddhisht monastery at Wat Buppharam. They did all activities continue from the first group for 4 years and then returned to Ayutthaya in 2301 B.C. which was the last year of the reign of King Bormmakot.
That Siam monks went to inherit Buddhism in Srilungka made Buddhism in Srilungka which was in decline become prosper again. For this reason, Srilungka named the monk who was be ordained by Phra Ubaree that “Ubareewong” or “Siamwong” and “Siam sect” become one of Theravada Buddhism in Srilungka which was respected by many people for more than 300 years.
Wat Thummaram: the monument of religion relationship between Thai - Langka
Wat Thummaram is the ancient temple, built in the period of Ayutthaya. It located at Banpom sub district, Phranakorn si Ayutthaya district. It did appear when it was built. However, it is assumed that it has been built for more than 415 years. Wat Thummaram has been the settle area of Burmese army because they used it to control water transportation. Over Wat Thummaram, it is the estury of Lopburi River flowing to converge on Ayutthaya which is known as the stronghold of Thailand in the period of Ayutthaya for moving the army to support in the capital city. In the back of Wat Thummaram, it has the wide field called “Thungprachet” which has been the area of the war between Thai and Burmese. that this temple located in the west opposite the royal palace of Ayutthaya made this temple was one of the harbor in Ayutthaya period as well.
After Ayutthaya was defeated by Burma in 2310 B.C., Burmese has destroyed and burned almost temples and Wat Thummaram become desert. Later on, it was reinstalled in the reign of King Rama I of Rattanakosin and it was renamed as “Wat Ratchathummawasaworawihan”. It is the royal temple of Arunwasi. In 2449 B.C. in the reign of King Rama V. one temple, Hotrai, and sermon hall were built and then buildings were later established sporadically.
the importance of Wat Thummaram is that it is religion monument showing the religion relationship between Thai and Lungka and it has been the temple for stay in Buddhist monastery of Phra Ubaree Manathera and Phra Ariyamuni Mahathera who were the leader of the first group of diplomat that King Borommakot sent to restore Buddhism in Srilungka according to the requirement of Siamwong Buddhism which is now root in Srilangka.
Phra Ubaree has been praised and respected from Sri Lungka people vary much because of his mentioned benefactions. That he died in Sri Lungka on the duty of Buddhist monk showed the big scarification for his life to Buddhism which has been respected by people from all corner of the world. To recall the goodness of Phra Ubari Mahathera as the Buddhism ambassadors from Siam, Sri Lungka has established the bronze statue of him to place at Wat Buppharam in Candy city. His monk’s house where used to stay in Buddhist monastery and all things belonged to him for used in Sri Lungka still remained and it has been conserved at Wat Buppharam, Srilungka to be things recalled and respect in Srilungka from that period to the present.
For Wat Thummaram, there is a statue of Phra Ubari Mahathera for people passed by come to respect. In 2546 B.C., the government of SriLungka accompanied with Thai government to arrange 250 years anniversary of the religion relationship between both countries. Sri Lungka governments gave the branch of Phrasimahapho to growth in Wat Thummara and donated their money more than 3 million to restall the ËÍäµÃ and belfry of the temple as well.
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^1 Collected and present by Ayutthayastudies Institute - Ayutthaya Rajaphat University
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